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Volume 14, Issue 1 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics-In Press 2026)
Iran J Ergon 2026, 14(1): 0-0 |
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Kafi S, Koleini Mamaghani N. Design shoe Last for men with flat feet. Iran J Ergon 2026; 14 (1)
URL: http://journal.iehfs.ir/article-1-1105-en.html
URL: http://journal.iehfs.ir/article-1-1105-en.html
1- Department Industrial Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran , www.kafi.shayan@gmail.com
2- Department Industrial Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2- Department Industrial Design, School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (93 Views)
Background and Objectives: Flatfoot (Pes Planus) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that results in multi-joint pain, premature fatigue, and balance instability. Given that mass-produced footwear in Iran often lacks alignment with Iranian anatomical characteristics, this research aims to determine the appropriate dimensions and indices for designing customized shoe lasts for Iranian men with flat feet. This approach seeks to enhance biomechanical performance and prevent excessive pressure and impact on the feet.
Methods: This applied-developmental study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data were collected through four primary instruments: a questionnaire (n=26), expert interviews, observation and analysis of existing commercial products, and anthropometric measurement of 10 users across 10 specific parameters, including footprint characteristics. The primary goal was to establish standardized dimensions for shoe last design, addressing the current lack of localized industrial standards in the domestic market.
Results: Findings indicate that public awareness regarding flatfoot and its associated corrective products is low, and users are dissatisfied with existing market solutions. Clinical observations confirmed that most Iranian orthopedic centers focus primarily on insole production, with treatment centered on symptom control and pain reduction. Based on the urgent need for optimized products and the collected anthropometric data, a sole pattern and a 3D shoe last model were designed and developed.
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of enhancing medial longitudinal arch support through specialized shoe last design, which can significantly mitigate complications associated with flatfoot. The final outcome —comprising the sole pattern and the customized shoe last— demonstrates that integrating anthropometric data into engineering design environments provides a robust platform for manufacturers, ultimately leading to improved consumer satisfaction and enhanced foot health.
Methods: This applied-developmental study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data were collected through four primary instruments: a questionnaire (n=26), expert interviews, observation and analysis of existing commercial products, and anthropometric measurement of 10 users across 10 specific parameters, including footprint characteristics. The primary goal was to establish standardized dimensions for shoe last design, addressing the current lack of localized industrial standards in the domestic market.
Results: Findings indicate that public awareness regarding flatfoot and its associated corrective products is low, and users are dissatisfied with existing market solutions. Clinical observations confirmed that most Iranian orthopedic centers focus primarily on insole production, with treatment centered on symptom control and pain reduction. Based on the urgent need for optimized products and the collected anthropometric data, a sole pattern and a 3D shoe last model were designed and developed.
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of enhancing medial longitudinal arch support through specialized shoe last design, which can significantly mitigate complications associated with flatfoot. The final outcome —comprising the sole pattern and the customized shoe last— demonstrates that integrating anthropometric data into engineering design environments provides a robust platform for manufacturers, ultimately leading to improved consumer satisfaction and enhanced foot health.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Ergonomics in Design
Received: 2025/08/23 | Accepted: 2026/03/25 | ePublished: 2026/03/25
Received: 2025/08/23 | Accepted: 2026/03/25 | ePublished: 2026/03/25
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
