Background and Objective: In contemporary times, educational institutions are instrumental in the development of societies, and universities in every country, along with their leaders, play a significant role in this domain. Therefore, The purpose of the present study was to effect characteristics of spiritual leadership and social identity on cultural intelligence with an emphasis on the mediating role of social responsibility among the managers of Urmia University.
Methods: The research method was descriptive. The entire population of Urmia University managers (151 individuals) was included as the sample, given the limited population size. The standard questionnaire of Earley & Ang (2004) cultural intelligence, Carroll (1991) social responsibility, Fry (2005) spiritual leadership, and Jenkins (1996) social identity were used to collect information. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used by SPSS and Lisrel to analyze the data.
Results: The research findings indicate a significant positive impact of spiritual leadership characteristics on the cultural intelligence of managers at the University of Urmia. Additionally, social identity has a meaningful positive influence on the cultural intelligence of these managers. Spiritual leadership characteristics also exert a significant positive effect on the social responsibility of University of Urmia managers, as does social identity. Furthermore, social responsibility has a significant positive impact on the cultural intelligence of the university managers. Notably, spiritual leadership characteristics, mediated by social responsibility, influence the cultural intelligence of University of Urmia managers. Similarly, social identity, through the mediation of social responsibility, affects the cultural intelligence of these managers.
Conclusion: By enhancing the spiritual leadership traits and social identity of the managers at the University of Urmia, which in turn influence their cultural intelligence, it is possible to improve the performance of the university. Additionally, this enhancement is expected to increase the accountability of the employees.
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