Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 13, Issue 3 (Iranian Journal of Ergonomics 2025)
Iran J Ergon 2025, 13(3): 206-214 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.UMSU.REC.1403.120
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Sharifi Z S, Ghahramani A, Hemmatjoo R. Evaluation of Luminance and Illuminance and Their Relationship with Visual Fatigue among Users of Video Terminals at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2024. Iran J Ergon 2025; 13 (3) :206-214
URL: http://journal.iehfs.ir/article-1-1095-en.html
URL: http://journal.iehfs.ir/article-1-1095-en.html
1- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
2- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran ,r.hemmatjo@yahoo.com
2- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran ,
Abstract: (3300 Views)
Objectives: Nowadays, electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, and tablets, have played a crucial role in people's work and lives. The main complaint of users of video terminals is eye symptoms caused by prolonged use. This study aimed to evaluate the intensity of luminance and illuminance and their possible relationship with visual fatigue in users of video terminals at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 171 users of video terminals at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the local illuminance intensity at the work surface and the luminance intensity from the screen at the user's eye level were measured. A 15-question visual fatigue questionnaire was used to assess visual fatigue. The results were analyzed using paired t-tests and chi-square tests using SPSS software (version.16).
Results: In this study, the average local illumination intensity on the desk was 306.6 lux, and the average luminance intensity was 73.9 cd/m2. The local illumination intensity was lower than the recommended level in 41.6% of the cases. No statistically significant relationship was observed between illumination intensity and users' visual fatigue during the study, nor between users' luminance and visual fatigue. The results of this study showed that visual fatigue at the end of the work significantly correlates with an individual's visual fatigue at the beginning of the work. The results of this study also showed a significant relationship between visual fatigue and the type of work.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed no relationship between luminance and illuminance intensity and visual fatigue. According to the findings of this study, it is recommended that, if possible, the time to start working with visual terminals should be when there is no feeling of visual fatigue. Also, since one of the factors affecting visual fatigue is the type of work, it is recommended that users manage their job in such a way that they are mostly inactive (reading the page).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 171 users of video terminals at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the local illuminance intensity at the work surface and the luminance intensity from the screen at the user's eye level were measured. A 15-question visual fatigue questionnaire was used to assess visual fatigue. The results were analyzed using paired t-tests and chi-square tests using SPSS software (version.16).
Results: In this study, the average local illumination intensity on the desk was 306.6 lux, and the average luminance intensity was 73.9 cd/m2. The local illumination intensity was lower than the recommended level in 41.6% of the cases. No statistically significant relationship was observed between illumination intensity and users' visual fatigue during the study, nor between users' luminance and visual fatigue. The results of this study showed that visual fatigue at the end of the work significantly correlates with an individual's visual fatigue at the beginning of the work. The results of this study also showed a significant relationship between visual fatigue and the type of work.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed no relationship between luminance and illuminance intensity and visual fatigue. According to the findings of this study, it is recommended that, if possible, the time to start working with visual terminals should be when there is no feeling of visual fatigue. Also, since one of the factors affecting visual fatigue is the type of work, it is recommended that users manage their job in such a way that they are mostly inactive (reading the page).
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Other Cases
Received: 2025/07/23 | Accepted: 2025/10/19 | ePublished: 2025/12/21
Received: 2025/07/23 | Accepted: 2025/10/19 | ePublished: 2025/12/21
References
1. Farokhzad M, Dehdashti A, Tajik F. Lighting assessment and effects on visual fatigue and psychological status of employees in Damghan Velayat Hospital wards. Neyshabur Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015;3(6):37-48. [Link]
2. Karlsen L, Heiselberg P, Bryn I, Johra H. Verification of simple illuminance based measures for indication of discomfort glare from windows. Built Environ. 2015;92:615-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.05.040]
3. Mehri A, Zakarian SA, Abbasi M, Mirzaei R, Mohammadian F, Sajedifar J. Study of glare caused by high-energy vehicle headlights in Iran. J Occup Hyg Eng. 2021;8(1):55-64. [DOI: 10.52547/johe.8.1.55]
4. Chu CA, Rosenfield M, Portello JK. Blink patterns: reading from a computer screen versus hard copy. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(3):297-302. [DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000157] [PMID]
5. Xie X, Song F, Liu Y, Wang S, Yu D. Study on the effects of display color mode and luminance contrast on visual fatigue. IEEE Access. 2021;9:35915-2. [DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3061770]
6. Habibi E, Pourabdian S, Rajabi H, Dehghan H, Maracy MR. Development and validation of a visual fatigue questionnaire for video display terminal users. J Health Syst Res. 2011;7(4). [Link]
7. Blehm C, Vishnu S, Khattak A, Mitra S, Yee RW. Computer vision syndrome: a review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2005;50(3):253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.02.008] [PMID]
8. Bando T, Iijima A, Yano S. Visual fatigue caused by stereoscopic images and the search for the requirement to prevent them: A review. Display. 2012;33(2):76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.displa.2011.09.001]
9. Lin CJ, Feng WY, Chao CJ, Tseng FY. Effects of VDT workstation lighting conditions on operator visual workload. Ind Health. 2008;46(2):105-11. [DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.46.105] [PMID]
10. Carlucci S, Causone F, De Rosa F, Pagliano L. A review of indices for assessing visual comfort with a view to their use in optimization processes to support building integrated design. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier. 2015;47:1016-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.062]
11. Kalhor H. Illuminating engineering. Tehran: Publishing Company; 2006. [Link]
12. Benedetto S, Carbone A, Drai-Zerbib V, Pedrotti M, Baccino T. Effects of luminance and illuminance on visual fatigue and arousal during digital reading. Comput Human Behav. 2014;41:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.023]
13. Golmohammadi R, Chahardoli Z, Motamedzade M, Farhadian M. Evaluation of artificial lighting and its relationship with body postures during work in Hamadan women's hairdressers. J Occup Hyg Eng. 2017;4(2):26-33. [DOI: 10.21859/johe.4.2.26]
14. Benedetto S, Drai-Zerbib V, Pedrotti M, Tissier G, Baccino T. E-readers and visual fatigue. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e83676. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083676]
15. Portello JK, Rosenfield M, Bababekova Y, Estrada JM, Leon A. Computer‐related visual symptoms in office workers. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012;32(5):375-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00925.x] [PMID]
16. Ziayi Ghahnavieh N, Sharifian Z, Dehghan H. The relationship between lighting and visual eye fatigue and sleep quality in video display terminals users. JSUMS. 2018;20(4):45-52. [Link]
17. Nielsen PK, Søgaard K, Skotte J, Wolkoff P. Ocular surface area and human eye blink frequency during VDU work: the effect of monitor position and task. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;103(1):1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0661-y] [PMID]
18. Skotte JH, Nøjgaard JK, Jørgensen LV, Christensen K-B, Sjøgaard G. Eye blink frequency during different computer tasks quantified by electrooculography. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;99(2):113-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0322-6] [PMID].
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Copyright Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
