fa ارزیابی ارگونومیک ریسک ابتلا به اختلالات اسکلتی - عضلانی کاربران رایانه به روش RULA و تأثیر 8 هفته تمرینات اصلاحی بر کاهش دردهای اسکلتی - عضلانی مروری Review <!--stripped--> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <!--stripped--> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217) direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">مقدمه:</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">ناراحتی‌های</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">اسکلتی-عضلانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">ناشی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">کار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">در کاربران رایانه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">شیوع بالایی برخوردار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">است. هدف این مطالعه ارزیابی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">ارگونومیک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">خطر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">ابتلاء</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">به</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">اختلالات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">اسکلتی-</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">عضلانی کاربران کامپیوتر و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">تأثیر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>8 هفته</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">تمرینات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">اصلاحی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">بر کاهش دردهای اسکلتی- عضلانی بود.</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217) direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">مواد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">و</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">روش‌ها:</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">در مرحله اول</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">وضعیت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">بدنی و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">ناراحتی‌های اسکلتی-عضلانی 84 نفر</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">کاربران کامپیوتر ادارات تویسرکان با</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">استفاده</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">روش </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span> </span>RULA</span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">پرسشنامه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">نوردیک ارزیابی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">شد. در مرحله بعدی 30 نفر جهت شرکت تمرینات اصلاحی به دو گروه 15 نفری کنترل و تجربی تقسیم و پس از 8 هفته مجدد ارزیابی شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری </span><span style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr">t</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span> </span>مستقل و همبسته تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند.</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217) direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">یافته‌ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""> میزان شیوع درد به ترتیب در نواحی گردن، کمر، شانه، ناحیه پشت، مچ دست، آرنج و زانوها درصد بالایی در افراد مورد مطالعه مشاهده شد. در واکاوی پوسچر، 1/63 و 6/53 درصد آزمودنی‌ها به ترتیب در اندام‌های چپ و راست در سطوح اقدامی دو، 2/32 و 1/44 درصد در سطح اقدامی سه و 4/2 درصد نیز در ناحیه راست بدن در سطح چهار قرار داشتند. پس از مداخله برنامه تمرینات اصلاحی، در اندام‌های فوقانی گروه تجربی3/38 درصد (001/0</span><span style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr">p=</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>) و در اندام تحتانی 7/38 درصد کاهش معنی‌دار درد مشاهده شد (006/0=</span><span style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr">p</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>).</span></p> <p style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217) direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed" dir="rtl" class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin""> این</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">مطالعه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">نشان</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">داد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">فراوانی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">اختلالات</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">به‌ویژه</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">در نواحی</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">گردن،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">کمر،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">شانه،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">پشت</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10pt font-family: "Times New Roman",serif" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="font-family: "B Nazanin"">مچ دست در گروه مورد مطالعه بالاست و تمرینات اصلاحی منتخب قادر بود موجب کاهش درد و سطح خطر شود.<span> </span></span></p> <!--stripped--> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:relyonvml> <o:allowpng> </o:allowpng></o:relyonvml></o:officedocumentsettings> <!--stripped--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217)"><b><span>Introduction:</span></b><span> The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in computer users is high. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ergonomic assessment musculoskeletal disorders risk in computer users determine the effect of an eight-week corrective exercises program on reduction of musculoskeletal pain.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217)"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt"><font size="2">Material and Methods:</font> </span></b><span>In the first phase of the study, RULA technique and Nordic </span><span>questionnaires<span style="color: black"> were used to evaluate postures and </span>musculoskeletal disorders <span style="color: black">of 84 computer users of Tuyserkan administrations. In the next phase, 30 individuals for participating in a corrective exercises program intervention divided into two groups namely, experimental (n=15) and the controls (n=15). Subjects were re-evaluated after period of eight weeks. Data was analyzed using independent and dependent t-tests</span></span><span>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217)"><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> The overall prevalence of pain was seen in neck, lumbar, shoulders, back, carpal and hand, elbow respectively. In posture analysis, 61.3 and 53.6 percent of subjects were in action level of 2 in left and right limbs respectively, 32.2 and 44.1 percent of subjects were in action level of 3 and 2.4 percent in level of 4 in right side. After the corrective exercise intervention, there was 38.3% significantly reduction pain for upper limbs (p=0.001) and 38.7% for lower limbs (p=0.006)<span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span><span dir="rtl"></span>.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(217, 217, 217)"><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> This study showed that frequency of musculoskeletal problems in neck, lumbar, shoulders, back, wrist was generally high among our subjects, and selected corrective exercises could reduce the risk level and pain.</span></p> روش RULA , ارزیابی پوسچر, ارگونومی, تمرینات اصلاحی RULA technique, Posture assessment, Ergonomics, Corrective exercises. 44 56 http://journal.iehfs.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-67-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Zahra Khodabakhshi زهرا خدابخشی 10031947532846002087 10031947532846002087 No Seyed Amin Saadatmand سیدامین سعادتمند 10031947532846002088 10031947532846002088 No Mehrdad Anbarian مهرداد عنبریان 10031947532846002089 10031947532846002089 No Rashid Heydari Moghadam رشید حیدری مقدم dr_haidari@yahoo.com 10031947532846002090 10031947532846002090 Yes Assistant Professor, Ergonomics Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. استادیار گروه ارگونومی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی همدان، همدان،ایران