Journal of Ergonomics
مجله ارگونومی
Iran J Ergon
Medical Sciences
http://journal.iehfs.ir
1
admin
1735-1960
2345-5365
8
10.30699/jergon
14
13
fa
jalali
1394
6
1
gregorian
2015
9
1
3
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
مداخلات ارگونومی جامع برای بهبود شرایط ارگونومیکی مطالعه موردی: کارخانه تولید قطعات یدکی خودرو
Comprehensive ergonomic interventions for improving ergonomic conditions in an automobile spare part manufacturing plant: A case study
سایر موارد
Other Cases
مروری
Review
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0% direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span lang="FA">مقدمه:</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="FA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><span lang="FA">امروزه ناراحتیهای اسکلتی-عضلانی در
دنیا به علت آسیبی که به نیروی کار و بهرهوری وارد میسازد از اهمیت فوقالعاده <a name="_GoBack"></a>برخوردار است. لذا ضروری است که مطالعات وسیعی برای شناسایی و
پیشگیری از بروز این آسیبها و کنترل ریسک فاکتورهای ایجادکننده آنها انجام گیرد</span><span lang="FA">. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0% direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span lang="FA">مواد و روش ها:</span></b><span lang="FA"> </span><span lang="FA">این پژوهش با استفاده از یک مدل مداخله ارگونومی به بررسی و بهبود شرایط
ارگونومیکی یک کارخانه تولید قطعات یدکی میپردازد. بهمنظور بررسیهای نمونهای</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt color: black"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span>
</span><span lang="FA">از جدول مورگان برای تعیین حجم نمونه استفاده و</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 12pt color: black"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA">به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی ساده تعداد 44 نمونه از 50 نفر
کارکنان واحد تولیدی </span><span lang="FA">انتخاب
شدند. برای شناسایی ریسک فاکتورهای ارگونومیکی از "پرسشنامه نوردیک"
و"نکات بازبینی ارگونومی"استفاده شد. بر اساس مدل نظری مورد استفاده
مداخله ارگونومی در دو مرحله انجام گرفت</span><span lang="FA">.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0% direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span lang="FA">یافتهها:</span></b><span lang="FA"> </span><span lang="FA">در مرحله مداخله ارگونومی کلان در قالب کارگاهها و کارگروههای مختلف، هفت
هدف و سیزده پیشنهاد ارگونومیکی احصاء و ارائه شد. در مرحله مداخله ارگونومی خرد، بیست
مورد ریسک فاکتورهای ارگونومیکی شناسایی و سیزده برنامه و راهکار برای برطرف کردن مشکلات
پیشنهاد گردید. یازده مورد از</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt color: black"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA">راهکارها با تائید مدیریت ارشد در راستای بهبود</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 10pt color: black"><span dir="ltr"></span><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA">شرایط ارگونومیکی و افزایش بهرهوری
به مرحله اجرا گذاشته شد.</span><span lang="AR-SA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0% direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><b><span lang="FA">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA"> </span><span lang="AR-SA">مهمترین
نتیجه مداخلات ارگونومی جامع، تغییر در فرهنگ سازمانی است که </span><span lang="FA">منافع مستقیم و غیرمستقیم مثل راهحلهای کمهزینه یا بدون
هزینه برای حل مشکلات، ایجاد یک محیط بهبود مستمر و فعال، افزایش انگیزه کارکنان
در مشارکت و نوآوری در حل مشکلات، تمایل بیشتر به تفکر برای ارائه ایدههای جدید، ارتباطات
بهتر بین مسئولین و کارکنان، افزایش توانمندی و سطح دانش عمومی شاغلین را به دنبال
داشته است</span><span lang="FA">.</span><span lang="FA"> </span><span dir="ltr"></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><b><span>Introduction:</span></b><span>
Musculoskeletal disorders are major concerns of the modern world due to their
effect on the physical health and productivity of the workforce. More extensive
research is therefore required to identify and prevent these injuries and
control the risk factors causing their development.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><span><span> </span><b>Materials and Methods:</b> The present
study uses a theoretical model of ergonomic interventions to examine and
improve ergonomic conditions in an automobile spare part manufacturing plant. A
total of 44 employees were selected through simple random sampling and
according to the Morgan table from the 50 personnel working at the plant. The
Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and the review of ergonomics tips
inventory were used to identify the ergonomic risk factors. Based on the
theoretical model used in the research, the ergonomic intervention was
performed in two stages.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><b><span>Findings:</span></b><span> In
the macro stage of the ergonomic intervention, 7 goals were set and 13
ergonomic recommendations were made in the form of several workshops and task
forces. In the micro stage of the ergonomic intervention, 20 ergonomic risk
factors were identified and 13 strategies and plans were suggested. With the
senior manager's approval, 11 strategies entered the implementation stage with
the aim of improving ergonomic conditions and increasing productivity at the
workplace.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify line-height: normal background: rgb(217, 217, 217) none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><b><span>Conclusion:</span></b><span> The
main outcome of the comprehensive ergonomic interventions performed in the
present study was a modified organizational culture, entailing both direct and
indirect benefits, such as providing low-cost or no-cost solutions to the
problems, creating an active environment of continuous improvement, increasing
employees' motivation for participation and being innovative in solving the
problems, increasing the inclination among the employees to be an innovative
thinker, improving communication between the authorities and the personnel and
increasing the employees' general knowledge and capabilities.</span></p>
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ارگونومی خرد, ارگونومی کلان, ریسک فاکتورهای ارگونومیکی, بهرهوری, ناراحتیهای اسکلتی-عضلانی
Micro-ergonomics, Macro-ergonomics, Ergonomic risk factors, Productivity, Musculoskeletal disorders.
1
13
http://journal.iehfs.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-345-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Naser
Sadra Abarghouei
ناصر
صدرا ابرقویی
sadra@uast.ac.ir
10031947532846002786
10031947532846002786
Yes
Assistant Professor, University of Applied Science and Technology, Yazd, Iran.
استادیار دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی، یزد، ایران.