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Showing 3 results for Smartphone
Examining the Effect of Smartphone on Musculoskeletal Disorders and Neck Kinematic Among Smartphone Users in Different Postures and Tasks
Zahra Vahedi, Dr Adel Mazlomi, Dr Ali Sharifnezhad, Dr Kamal Azam,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In the last decade, the smartphones have become one of the most popular technologies around the world. Due to the multi-functional use of smartphones, the technology users spend long hours using it.
Methods: This was a semi-experimental and experimental study. In the first section, 98 students entered the semi-experimental part and completed demographic and body map questionnaires before starting the study. They were asked to perform their duties with their phone for 20 minutes and then complete the body map questionnaire again. In the second part of this study, 12 women from the first group participated in the experimental study to assess the neck flexion using the motion capture. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Searching the Internet and sending texts were the most common tasks among the participants in this study. The use of cell phone caused an increase in pain and discomfort in the neck, shoulder, thumb, thenar. The results of the study showed that there is a significant association between sitting posture and high level of neck forward flexion. Furthermore, neck flexion increased during typing while both hands holding the handset.
Conclusion: Smartphone users have had repetitive motions in fixed postures for a long time, and these factors are thought to increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders.

The Effect of Duration of Smartphone Use on Head and Shoulders Posture of Young Adults Aged 20-35 Years
Azadeh Sadat Masoumi, Mahdieh Akoochakian,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (9-2019)
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of smart phone usage, it can be considered as an important and significant issue in all aspects of human life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the effect of duration of smartphone use on head and shoulders’ posture of young adults aged 20-35 years.
Methods: The statistical population of this study was young people aged 20 to 35 with smart phones who were resident of Kish Island in 2018. A sample of 50 people (25 men and 25 women) were selected voluntarily and purposefully. Low- user and High- user groups were identified by completing the form of addiction to smart cell phone, in assessing the status of upper limb, the shoulder position was measured by Scapular index and head position was measured by photogrammetric method technique and Kinovea software. Independent t-test was used for comparison of experimental variables between two groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS  22. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between upper limb posture in Low- user and High- user groups (P=0.033). There was also a significant difference in shoulder position between men and women (P=0.002). But regarding head positioning, there was no significant difference between men and women (P=0.436).
Conclusion: Thus, it seems that considering the significant difference between the two groups mentioned for upper limb posture, we can use the results of this study to inform, prevent and improve the upper.


The Comparison of Immediate Effects of Mackenzie Exercise and Rest on Pain and Disability Index of Neck and Shoulder While Typing with A Smart Phone
Ali Akbar Sufizadeh, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among smartphone users. The purpose of the present study was to compare the immediate effects of rest and McKenzie exercise on pain level and disability index among individuals who complained of pain and discomfort in the neck after using a smartphone.
Methods: Ten males and 14 females with an average age of 25.71 years, who complained of pain and discomfort in the neck after using a smartphone, participated in this clinical trial study. During two consecutive days, they received conservative interventions including rest and Mackenzie exercise. The duration of each intervention was one session. The level of pain and disability was measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) and the neck disability index questionnaire before starting the treatment (immediately after using the smartphone), and after performing rest interventions and McKenzie exercises. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures (P < 0.05).
Results: Subjects reported lower levels of pain and disability following both intervention methods (rest and McKenzie exercise) compared to before the start of the treatment period. The Cohen's d effect size index showed the high effectiveness of Mckenzie's exercise compared to the resting condition on the level of pain and disability.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that McKenzie's exercise can more effectively decrease the amount of pain and disability in the neck and shoulder areas following the use of a smartphone compared to rest.

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