Showing 14 results for Safety
Mehdi Jahangiri, Keyvan Sareban Zadeh, Oranoos Bashar, Hamze Saleh Zade,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background Given the breadth and diversity of construction activities and their hazards, it is at the top of accident cause lists. According to the supervisor's role in safety and prevention of accidents at construction sites, this study was conducted to study the risk perception, safety attitude and safety performance in the supervisors of construction sites in Shiraz city. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 supervisors who agreed to participate in the study. The study was by conducted using a structured questionnaire consist of questions regarding general information, risk perception, safety attitude and safety performance. The questionnaire was completed through self-statement. Results All studied supervisors had medium and high risk perception (35.5 and 64.5% respectively), medium and high safety attitude (78.6 and 21.4% respectively), medium and high safety performance (41.4 and 58.6% respectively). Among studied variables, size of construction site, had positive and significant effect on safety performance of supervisors. Conclusions The result of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between risk perception and safety attitude with safety performance among supervisors in construction sites. Somehow, by increasing safety attitude in supervisors, their safety performance were increased too.
Iraj Mohammadfam, Maryam Movafagh, Alireza Soltanian, Mohsen Salavati, Saeid Bashirian,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Adverse events are injuries and problems are derived from management than the original condition. In particular, Intensive care units are as a place of significant human errors and preventable adverse events in the health care system. The present study was conducted to identify and evaluate human errors among cardiac intensive care nurses in a teaching hospital in Hamadan city.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the cream technique. in this study nursing job were analyzed using hierarchical task analysis. Then the work sheet of cream techniques completed through observation and interviews with the nurses. Data analysis was performed using spss-16 software.
Results: Findings show that the maximum probability of error are in setting tasks and use DC shock in urgent cases, data recording in the hospital system, said start code resuscitation of heart and lung (CPR) respectively 0.02108, 0.02088 and 0.02086. Minimum probability of error were Determine nutritional needs and diet, gavages and necessary care and giving oral medications respectively 0.01100, 0.01013 and 0.00966.
Conclusions: The most important suggestion to improve of working situation and reducing of human error probability are modification of nurses shift work, providing of practical training and decrease of additional duties.
M.saeed Moradi, Davood Afshari, Taher Hoseinzade, Kambiz Ahmadi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: Safety signs are considered as visual intermediates for message transmission and play a crucial role in reducing accidents particularly in petrochemical industries. These signs are effective as long as they are designed in compliance with ergonomic principles, human factors, and cognitive features. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the psychological effects of safety signs in transmitting message given their designing features in the petrochemical industry.
Materials and methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 employees in Mahshahr Petrochemical Complex. A 2 partite questionnaire was used to collect data the first part for demographic information and the second part included designing features of signs (familiarity, objectivity, simplicity, meaningfulness, semantic proximity). The Pearson correlation test was used to identify the correlation coefficients between signs features and scores given by the participants.
Findings: Mean and standard deviation of the scores of the signs’ message perception were 60.73 and 4.36, respectively. Cognitive features of the signs included familiarity and semantic proximity with a mean of 49.15 and 66.78, respectively. The factors of work experience, age, and academic level had no significant effect on guessing the meaning of signs (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that no significant relationship existed between cognitive features of the signs and transmission of the message and message transmission of safety signs is affected by other features than their design. Therefore, in order to improve individuals’ awareness about familiarity of employees with particular meaning of signs, ergonomic design of safety signs and proper training for perceiving their meaning are proposed.
Mahdi Ebnali Heidari, Kamal Azam, Ahmadreza Nazeri, Majid Ebnali Heidari, Alireza Shateri,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Driving is a complex task engaging high level of cognitive and motor processes. Adding to this complexity, engagement in cognitive secondary tasks such as talking with other passengers, speaking on the cell phone or listening to radio may effect driving performance. In addition, age-related cognitive limitations may adversely challenge driving performance. As the number of elderly drivers is rising, it is important to pay more attention to this matter.
Methods: The effects of cognitive secondary tasks on driving performance were explored through two on-road experiments (with and without listening to a recorded dialogue). In this study thirty-two individuals (male, M = 72.6, SD = 5.43) voluntarily took part in the experiments. The mean driving speed, duration of driving in unsafe-zones, numbers of overtaking, and deviation of lateral lane position were recorded, adopting a radar system and video camera. After determination of the normality of data, paired t test and correlation analysis were conducted.
Results: Mean driving speed (P < 0.05), duration of driving in an unsafe zone (P < 0.05), and numbers of overtaking (P < 0.001) showed considerable reduction of participants’ engagement in listening to the recorded dialogue. In contrast, mean deviation of lateral lane position increased.
Conclusions: The findings revealed that driving performance of elderly drivers was effected when listening to a recorded dialogue. However, in order to increase driving safety, they adopted some compensating strategies.
Mahdi Homayounfar, Mehdi Fadaei Eshkiki, Rouzbeh Sedaghat,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background: Safety and safety behaviors, especially in hard and harmful jobs are among the most critical issues ahead manufacturing industries in developing countries. This research has been developed to investigate the affecting elements on safety behaviors of workers in hard and harmful jobs in manufacturing industries of Guilan province.
Methods: The method of this research is descriptive and its purpose is practical. The statistical population of the research includes workers in hard and harmful jobs in casting and pressing department of manufacturing industries of Guilan province were 384 out of them were chosen as sample through non-random sampling and using Morgan table due to the unavailability of the people and, required data were collected using the questionnaire. After validity (content) and reliability test of the questionnaire and describing the research variables using SPSS, the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling method and based on LISREL 8.5.
Results: Findings indicate that the effect of safety management system practices on safety compliance and motivation; ethical leadership on safety acceptance and participation; self-efficacy on safety motivation and acceptance; and safety compliance on safety acceptance and participation are verified; however the effect of safety management system practic on safety compliance, self-efficacy on safety participation and ethical leadership on safety acceptance do not verified. The results indicate that the model variables explains 68.8% of safety behavior variations.
Conclusion: Self efficacy has the highest indirect effect on safety behavior (safety acceptance and participation) which both of these effects mediate by safety motivation. Thus, empowering the self-efficacy will increase safety behaviors.
Fakhradin Ghasemi, Mostafa Mirzaei, Mohsen Mahdinia, Ebrahim Darvishi, Reza Shahidi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Many organizational, social, and personal factors can affect safety performance of employees. Personal commitment to safety is another factor in this regard to which has been paid less attention in previous studies. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the role of this factor in shaping safety performance of employees.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 workers from several small manufacturing industries in several provinces located in the center of Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to determine the role of personal commitment to safety, several hypotheses were defined. According to them, personal commitment to safety can mediate the effect of organizational factors on safety performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed for examining the hypotheses.
Results: The model demonstrated that personal commitment to safety has significant direct effect on safety performance. Management commitment to safety is the main factor affecting personal commitment to safety (P<0.01, path coefficient= 0.257). Supportive environment was another important factor in this regard (P<0.01, path coefficient= 0.175). In contrast, safety training had no significant effect on personal commitment to safety (P=0.328), demonstrating its poor designing.
Conclusion: Personal commitment to safety can be promoted by improving organization and social factors, such as management commitment to safety and supportive environment, which in turn would result in improvement of safety performance.
Mehdi Shabani Arani, Dr Shahnaz Tabatabaei, Dr Nabiolah Mansouri,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: One of the most important causes of industrial incidents, of which 90% is related to human factors, is to refuse to accept errors because of fear of blaming and concealing them. In the present study, the relationship between just culture and safety culture was investigated in one of the industrial sections of Tehran.
Methods: The research was descriptive-analytic and conducted as a cross-sectional study. Out of 320 a sample of 181 staff who worked at the operational and administrative sections were selected in an accessible manner. The research instruments consisted of questionnaires of personal and occupational information, just culture and safety culture. Data was analyzed using, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression by SPSS22 software.
Results: The relationship between different dimensions of safety culture and just culture is 0.84 (P<0.001). The power prediction of safety culture is based on different dimensions of the just culture 0.70 (P<0.05). Between different dimensions of safety culture, the level of information exchange, education and management commitment are most closely related to mean of just culture. Also, the level of information exchange is the highest and safety priority shows the least link with the just culture. Therefore, the exchange of information can lead to a continuous improvement of the just culture.
Conclusion: Evaluating the just culture, the safety culture of the employees of the organization can be predicted with a high level of certainty, which shows the direct relationship between the just culture and the safety culture. So, increasing the just culture directly contributes to the development of the safety culture.
Kimiya Toosi, Abdolkazem Neisi, Nasrin Arshadi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Most accidents are caused by unsafe behaviors or human errors. Safety experts have argued that with the increasing focus on human behavior, it can significantly reduce accidents. The aim of the present study was to examine neuroticism, safety efficacy and regulatory focus as predictors of unsafe work behavior of employee Bidboland Gas Refining Company.
Methods: The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of operational and staffing departments of Bidboland Gas Refining Company in Khuzestan. The sample consisted of 273 employees who were selected using stratified random sampling. At first, the participants were divided into two groups, safe employees and unsafe employees by using Safety Behavior Scale (Salleh, 2010). Then to evaluate the variables studied, NEO personality characteristics (Costa & McCrae, 1992), safety efficacy (Brown, et al., 2000) and regulatory focus at work (Wallace & Chen, 2006) questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed through discriminant analysis and using SPSS 16 software.
Results: According to the results, unsafe behavior of employees can be predicted from neuroticism, safety efficacy and regulatory focus and its dimensions (prevention focus and promotion focus).
Conclusion: Neuroticism increases unsafe behaviors and safety efficacy and regulatory focus (prevention focus and promotion focus) decrease unsafe behaviors of employees.
Zahra Merrikhpour, Mohammad Sadegh Sohrabi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Playgrounds play a very important role in the development of children's communities and their physical skills. If these spaces are designed according to safety standards, they can contribute to the better social and physical growth of children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety status of children's playground equipment in Hamadan Luna Park according to the standards of the U.S. Consumer product safety commission (CPSC).
Methods: The present study was a descriptive and analytical one. The statistical population included a total of 600 persons, working in one of the regions in the Tehran Municipality. Of the 600 staff, a total of 255 were selected as the available sample group. The instruments consisted of the questionnaires, including the individual and occupational information, the Nordic questionnaire, the Walton Quality of work life, and the checklist of the ergonomic indices of the working environment for the administrative staff. In order to analyze the data, Student’s t-test and multiple regression analysis were used.
Results: The results showed that among the main playground equipments, the spiral slide has the highest ratio of 76.1% and the seesaws with 25% minimum compliance with the CPSC standard. Among the most commonly problems in this field the non-standard design of play equipment, incorrect assembly, installation and placement in use zones can be pointed.
Conclusion: According to this paper’s report, given the undeniable role of the safety of playground equipment in preventing possible harm to children, they must be secured and adapted to global standards.
Ali Salehi Sahlabadi, Afsaneh Riazat, Sheari Sury, Negar Saffarinia, Zahra Damerchi, Mostafa Pouyakian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nursing errors are a serious threat to patient safety, which can lead to increased public concern and distrust of recipients of health care services and refusal to undergo treatment. Therefore, the present study examines types of causes of nurses' errors, reasons for not reporting them and ways to reduce errors.
Methods: The present study was a narrative review study of English and Persian articles on nurses' errors in the period (2008-2018) and was done in 2019. Articles were searched in three internal databases such as SID, Magiran and Iran Medex and five external databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer.
Results: Most nursing errors were in the form of functional errors. Risk factors were divided into nurse, organization, ward, and patient-related error factors. The reasons for nurses' failure to report errors include professional reputation and legal problems. Error reduction strategies are such as nursing education and management controls.
Conclusion: Nursing errors have been studied in various ways. These studies are not only aimed at identifying nurses' errors, but also to enhance knowledge and knowledge about the possible causes and preventive factors. The benefits of this view of the articles lead to the provision of appropriate health care services, proper planning for hospitals by managers, and the advancement of nursing education. However, fewer studies have used modern methods of hazard identification.
Morteza Mahdavi, Arezo Sammak Amani, Mohammad Amin Mououdi, Hadi Asghari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Objectives: Providing safety for human resources in the industry is very important. Safety shoes are one of the most common PPEs that protect the foot against potential hazards. This study aimed to evaluate the discomfort and usability of safety shoes in different industries of Mazandaran province to find gaps in the quality of design and improve the design of safety shoes.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in 2021.This study included employees of 11 different industrial companies that used seven safety shoe brands. They answered two researcher-made questionnaires, LPD (discomfort and general satisfaction) and SFUQ (usability). Data analysis was performed with Spearman rank correlation coefficient while Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA test were also performed.
Results: In total, 226 men with a mean age of 36.33 ± 7.4 years were included in this study. The participants reported the lowest usability for the brand G (3.3 and 3.99), and the least discomfort and the most usability index with the brand A (1.2 and 5.35). Overall, the highest satisfaction was reported for brand A and the lowest satisfaction to brand G.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the main problem in comfort and usability is probably related to shoe molds because the manufacturers of safety shoes import molds from abroad that do not fit the anthropometric characteristics of Iranian users’ feet.
Mohammad Reza Omidi, Nabi Omidi, Hadi Meftahi, Maryam Panahi,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Considering the role of human resources in every organization, it is very important to address issues that lead to the reduction of occupational injuries in the workplace, it is clear that preventing the occurrence of job burnout in improving people's mental health. It plays an important role. One of the topics that can be useful in reducing job burnout is the application of ergonomic knowledge and compliance with safety principles, which is the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of workplace ergonomic principles on job burnout with the moderating role of safety culture.
Methods: The current research is descriptive survey research, the statistical population of this research is all the employees of Ilam Petrochemical Company, which was obtained by using the Cochran formula, and the sample size is equal to 310 people; The main tools for collecting information in this research include demographic profile questionnaires, ergonomic principles, job burnout, and safety culture. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors using face and content validity methods, and the reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, structural equations based on path analysis in SMART PLS software were used to analyze and test research hypotheses.
Results: The impact of ergonomic principles on the burnout of Ilam Petrochemical employees is negative and significant with coefficients (T = 12.26, R2 = -0.42), and the cultural impact of safety on burnout is also negative and significant with coefficients
(T = 14.07, R2 = -0.32). is, the test of the main hypothesis shows that safety culture moderates the effect of ergonomic principles on job burnout and causes more reduction of job burnout.
Conclusion: Compliance with the principles of ergonomics in the work environment and the existence of a safety culture in Ilam Petrochemical will reduce job burnout.
Maryam Afshari, Mehdi Kangavari, Farogh Mohammadian, Shahnaz Maleki, Farideh Kazemi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of death among pregnant women. One of the investment for maternal and neonatal health is targeted interventions to increase maternal safety to prevent traffic accidents. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and categorizing different types of safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents among pregnant women.
Methods: The study was a systematic review. Intervention articles were searched from Persian databases, such as Magiran, Iran Medex and SID and English scientific information databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane, Sciencedirect, Embase, Science of Web and Scopus. All identified articles were collected by one person using Endnote software. The full text of the articles was then reviewed by two researchers and the articles that met the entry criteria were identified. Other articles were added to the previous collection of articles using Forward Citation and Backward Citation Reviews. The EPHPP instrument was used to assess the quality of the studies.
Results: The initial search resulted in finding 5329 article abstracts. Finally, two intervention studies were selected for evaluation in this study. One study used an educational/behavioral approach and the other used an engineering/approach. Both studies reported that they had produced significant changes in the desired outcome of seatbelt use in pregnant women. The quality of one study was rated as poor and the other as moderate.
Conclusion: Safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents among pregnant women have been tested only to a very limited extent worldwide. It seems that there is still much room for study in the field of safety interventions to reduce traffic accidents among pregnant women.
Ali Salmaninejaad, Maryam Hasani, Sahar Rezaian,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Objectives: Psychological load, such as workload, not only disrupts work performance but can also directly affect employee safety leadin to accidents. However, despite this issue, not much effort has been made to develop an assessment tool to measure the psychological burden related to the occupational safety and health of employees. Therefore, the present study was designed to validate the psychological burden scale of workers by Kim et al. (2018) from the perspective of occupational health and safety.
Methods: The statistical population of the research consisted of all the workers employed in the Eastern Alborz Company of Shahroud city, and 349 workers participated in the research using a simple random sampling method. In the present study, the mental load scale by Kim et al. (2018), the Copenhagen psychosocial scale (COPSOQ), and the occupational stress scale (HSE) were used. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient tests and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS version 22 statistical software and Lisrel version 8.5.
Results: The results showed that all the components of workers' psychological burden including the overall score and the psychosocial scale and occupational stress scale have a positive and significant relationship. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also indicated a good fit of the model in determining the factors in the initial form as proposed by Kim et al. (2018). To determine the reliability of the scale, the value of Pearson's correlation coefficient was obtained at 0.82 in the test and retest phases. Additionally, the results of this study showed that 26.1 percent of workers experienced low psychological burden, 49.6 percent experienced moderate psychological burden, and 24.4 percent experienced severe psychological burden.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the current research, the workers' mental burden scale (Kim et al., 2018) is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to evaluate the psychological burden of workers in research and intervention studies.
