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Muscle Moment and Angle of Hip, Knee and Ankle Joints in a Seven- Link Model of Backpack Sprayer Operator
Sedigheh Karimi Avargani, Ali Maleki, Shahin Besharati, Reza Ebrahimi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Carriage of backpack sprayers is an inevitable part of agricultural operations that increases the risk of injury along with undesirable changes in walking mechanics. The purpose of this study is to formulate the muscle moment changes in the hip, knee and ankle for the backpack sprayer operator body.
Methods: In this study, a seven-link sprayer operator model is designed and the moment changes in the hip, knee and ankle joints are evaluated. Data are obtained using Plot-digitizer software. Excel software is used to fit the third degree curve on the data.
Results: In the hip joint, the moment is reduced by changing the angle from zero to 15°. At the end of the swing phase, the moment applied to the hip joint increases with increasing the angle up to 30°. In the beginning of the swing phase, the knee joint starts to open at -55°. At the end of the swing phase, the knee joint releases up to -5 ° and the moment applied to the knee joint increases slowly. The moment applied to the ankle joint increases by changing the ankle angle from -7.5° to 7.5°.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, amount of moment changes of hip, knee and ankle joint affect the force applied to the backpack sprayer operator body. With the knowledge of the moment changes of joints, practical solutions can be provided to reduce amount of damage to these joints.

Comparison of Common Mechanisms in the Design of Hip Belts in Backpacks on the Coordination between Trunk and Hip Segments during Walking
Faridah Aghahasni Mahabadi, Abbas Farjad Pezeshk, Mohammad Yousefi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (7-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: Using a backpack with a hip belt limits hip movements and prevents disruption in hip and trunk coordination. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of common mechanisms in the design of hip belts in mountaineering backpacks on the coordination between trunk and pelvis organs during walking.
Methods: This semi-experimental research was conducted on 16 men. Three types of backpacks with different hip belts were used. Participants carried backpacks with a load of 13 kg. The continuous relative phase and its variability were used to analyze the coordination. Descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and analysis of variance with repeated measures were used to compare variables in four conditions.
Results: According to the results, there was a difference between the level of coordination in two conditions of without a backpack and a normal backpack, with the normal backpack showing a significant decrease in coordination (P<0.05). The results also indicated that the variability in coordination increased after using backpacks with movable hip belts and cross frames compared to walking without a backpack (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the existing findings, backpacks with a cross-movable frame maintain the antiphase coordination between the trunk and pelvis by allowing freedom of movement in these two organs. It also creates more flexibility by increasing variability in coordination.

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